痛苦聖母
此節日源於中世紀一些修會團體，紀念聖母在十字架下的哀慟，以後擴展為紀念她一生所受的各種苦難；一八一四年推廣於全教會。今日，痛苦聖母的紀念日安排在光榮十字架慶日（9月14日）之後一日，正好表示：聖母分擔了基督的苦難，也激勵我們同樣去作，好使基督的苦難和復活奧蹟，不斷在我們身上延續。
傳統的「聖母七苦七樂」敬禮，也幫助我們效法聖母，跟隨基督：
聖母七苦
第一苦：西默盎的預言
西默盎祝福了他們，又向他的母親瑪利亞說：「看，這孩子已被立定，為使以色列中許多人跌倒和復起，並成為反對的記號——至於妳，要有一把利劍剌透妳心靈——為叫許多人心中的思念顯露出來。」（路 2:34-35）
第二苦：聖家逃往埃及
上主的天使托夢顯於若瑟說：「起來，帶着嬰孩和他的母親逃往埃及去，住在那裏，直到我再通知你，因為黑落德即將尋找這嬰孩，要把他殺掉。」若瑟便起來，星夜帶了嬰孩和他的母親，退避到埃及去了。（瑪 2:13-14）
第三苦：孩童耶穌失蹤三日
過了三天，（耶穌的父母）纔在聖殿裏找到了他（耶穌）。他正坐在經師中，聆聽他們，也詢問他們。他們一看見他，便大為驚異，他的母親就向他說：「孩子，你為什麼這樣對待我們？看，你的父親和我，一直痛苦的找你。」（路2：46, 48）
第四苦：耶穌背負十字架
「耶穌背了十字架向前走，有一大羣人和婦女，跟著祂。婦女們為他搥胸痛哭。」
有許多人民及婦女跟着耶穌，婦女搥胸痛哭他。他們既到了那名叫髑髏的地方，就在那裏把耶穌釘在十字架上，也釘了那兩個凶犯：一個在右邊，一個在左邊。耶穌說：「父啊，寬赦他們罷！因為他們不知道他們做的是什麼。」（路23:27, 33-34）
第五苦：耶穌被釘苦架
這時大約已是第六時辰，遍地都昏黑了，直到第九時辰。太陽失去了光，聖所的帳幔從中間裂開，耶穌大聲呼喊說：「父啊！我把我的靈魂交托在祢手中。」說完這話，便斷了氣。（路23：44-46）
第六苦：耶穌聖屍由苦架卸下
這些事以後，阿黎瑪特雅人若瑟──他因怕猶太人，暗中作了耶穌的門徒──來求比拉多，為領取耶穌的遺體；比拉多允許了。於是他來把耶穌的遺體領去了。（若19：38）
第七苦：埋葬耶穌聖屍
他們取下了耶穌的遺體，照猶太人埋葬的習俗，用殮布和香料把他裹好。在耶穌被釘在十字架上的地方，有一個園子，在那園子裏有一座新墳墓，裏面還沒有安葬過人。只因是猶太人的預備日，墳墓又近，就在那裏安葬了耶穌。（若19：40-42）
聖母七樂
第一樂：聖母領報
天使對她說：「瑪利亞，不要害怕，因為你在天主前獲得了寵幸。看，你將懷孕生子，並要給他起名叫耶穌。」（路1：30-31）
第二樂：聖母往見表姊依撒伯爾
她進了匝加利亞的家，就給依撒伯爾請安。依撒伯爾一聽到瑪利亞請安，胎兒就在她的腹中歡躍。依撒伯爾遂充滿了聖神，大聲呼喊說：「在女人中你是蒙祝福的，你的胎兒也是蒙祝福的。」（路1：40-42）
第三樂：耶穌誕生
天使向他們（牧羊人）說：「不要害怕！看！我給你們報告一個為全民族的大喜訊：今天在達味城中，為你們誕生了一位救世者，他是主默西亞。（路2:10-11）
第四樂：賢士來朝
當黑落德為王時，耶穌誕生在猶大的白冷；看，有賢士從東方來到耶路撒冷，說：「纔誕生的猶太人君王在那裏？我們在東方見到了他的星，特來朝拜他。」他們一見到那星，極其高興歡喜。他們走進屋內，看見嬰兒和他的母親瑪利亞，遂俯伏朝拜了他，打開自己的寶匣，給他奉獻了禮物，即黃金、乳香和沒藥。（瑪2：1-2，10-11）
第五樂：聖母在聖殿尋獲耶穌
過了三天，耶穌的父母纔在聖殿裡找到了他（耶穌）。他正坐在經師中，聆聽他們，也詢問他們。（路 2：46）
第六樂：耶穌復活
天使對婦女說道：「你們不要害怕！我知道你們尋找被釘死的耶穌。他不在這裏，因為他已經照他所說的復活了。」（瑪28：5-6）
第七樂：聖母升天
那時，天上出現了一個大異兆：有一個女人，身披太陽，腳踏月亮，頭戴十二顆星的榮冠。（默12：1）
集禱經
天主，你的聖子身懸十字架時，他的母親瑪利亞侍立在旁，一起受苦；求你使你的教會，也偕同聖母瑪利亞，一起分擔基督的苦難，將來同享基督復活的光榮。因你的聖子、我們的主耶穌基督，他和你及聖神，是唯一天主，永生永王。亞孟。
Our Lady of Sorrows
An appreciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary’s unique role in the Passion of her Son led Pope Pius VII to extend this traditional devotion to the whole Church in 1814. Our Lady is the preeminent example of how to live with suffering; she reminds the faithful of the malice of sin and shows the way of true repentance.
The seven sorrows of Mary
First sorrow: The Prophecy of Simeon
Simeon blessed them (Mary and Joseph) and said to Mary his mother, “Behold, this child (Jesus) is destined for the fall and rise of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be contradicted (and you yourself a sword will pierce) so that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed” (Lk 2:34-35).
Second sorrow: The Flight into Egypt
“When they had departed, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and said, “Rise, take the child and his mother, flee to Egypt, and stay there until I tell you. Herod is going to search for the child to destroy him.” Joseph rose and took the child and his mother by night and departed for Egypt (Mt 2:13-14).
Third sorrow: Search for the Child in Jerusalem
“After three days they (Jesus’ parents) found him (Jesus) in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, listening to them and asking them questions. When his parents saw him, they were astonished, and his mother said to him, ‘Son, why have you done this to us? Your father and I have been looking for you with great anxiety’ ” (Lk 2:46, 48).
Fourth sorrow: Mary Meets Jesus on His Way to the Cross
“A large crowd of people followed Jesus, including many women who mourned and lamented him. When they came to the place called the Skull, they crucified him and the criminals there, one on his right, the other on his left. Then Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, they know not what they do.” They divided his garments by casting lots” (Lk 23:27, 33-34).
Fifth sorrow: The Death of Jesus
It was now about noon and darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon because of an eclipse of the sun. Then the veil of the temple was torn down the middle. Jesus cried out in a loud voice, “Father, into your hands I commend my spirit”; and when he had said this he breathed his last (Jn 19:25-27).
Sixth sorrow: The Crucifixion and Descent from the Cross
After this, Joseph of Arimathea, secretly a disciple of Jesus for fear of the Jews, asked Pilate if he could remove the body of Jesus. And Pilate permitted it. So he came and took his body” (Jn 19:38).
Seventh sorrow: The Burial of Jesus
They took the body of Jesus and bound it with burial cloths along with the spices, according to the Jewish burial custom. Now in the place where he had been crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb, in which no one had yet been buried. So they laid Jesus there because of the Jewish preparation day; for the tomb was close by (Jn 19: 40-42).
The seven joys of Mary
First joy: The Annunciation
Then the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. Behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall name him Jesus” (Lk 1:30-31).
Second joy: The Visitation
She (Mary) entered the house of Zechariah and greeted Elizabeth. When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the infant leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth, filled with the holy Spirit, cried out in a loud voice and said, “Most blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb” (Lk 1:40-42).
Third joy: The Birth of the Savior
The angel said to them (shepherds), “Do not be afraid; for behold, I proclaim to you good news of great joy that will be for all the people. For today in the city of David a savior has been born for you who is Messiah and Lord” (Lk 2:10-11).
Fourth joy: The adoration of the Magi
When Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea, in the days of King Herod, behold, magi from the east arrived in Jerusalem, saying, “Where is the newborn king of the Jews? We saw his star at its rising and have come to do him homage.” They were overjoyed at seeing the star, and on entering the house they saw the child with Mary his mother. They prostrated themselves and did him homage. Then they opened their treasures and offered him gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. (Mt 2:1-2, 10-11)
Fifth joy: The finding of the Child Jesus in the Temple
After three days they (Mary and Joseph) found him (Jesus) in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, listening to them and asking them questions (Lk 2:46).
Sixth joy: The resurrection of Our Lord
Then the angel said to the women in reply, “Do not be afraid! I know that you are seeking Jesus the crucified. He is not here, for he has been raised just as he said” (Mt 28:5-6).
Seventh joy: The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin into Heaven
A great sign appeared in the sky, a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars. (Rev 12:1)
Collect
O God, who willed
that, when your Son was lifted high on the Cross,
his Mother should stand close by and share his suffering,
grant that your Church,
participating with the Virgin Mary in the Passion of Christ,
may merit a share in his Resurrection.
Who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit,
one God, for ever and ever. Amen.
資料來源 References
圖：https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seven_Sorrows_S_Stefano_Rotondo_Roma.JPG#
中文內容：《平日彌撒經文》，香港教區禮儀委員會
English text: Daily Roman Missal, 2011