聖德蘭·亞維拉(大德蘭)(貞女、聖師)
聖德蘭·亞維拉(會名:耶穌德蘭),是天主教會十六世紀西班牙著名的靈修和「祈禱大師」,獲教宗保祿六世稱譽為度靈修生活者的母親和導師。
聖德蘭生於1515年3月28 日西班牙亞維拉城;父母親是敬愛天主和有德行的人。德蘭父母有十個孩子。傳記作者形容德蘭性格外向,愉快友善,親切而又令人喜歡,善於交談,既有寫作天賦,又工於針黹和家務;她富有勇敢無畏及不屈不撓的精神。
她十三歲時母親去世,她含淚懇求聖母作她的母親。她青年時受到輕浮親戚的影響,愛好時髦。她父親擔心她,便把她送往奧斯定修女辦的寄宿學校,獲得一位有德行和有深度祈禱的修女瑪利亞所影響,令她考慮修道聖召。
她二十歲進入西班牙亞維拉降生修院,發願後她病倒,群醫束手無策。父親帶她去接受一位出名的江湖郎中治療,結果幾乎致她於死地。她昏迷了四天,醒來後,回到修院已病弱不堪,癱瘓了三年;她深切懇求大聖若瑟轉禱,才能站起來走路,自此終其一生都健康欠佳。
然而,德蘭所進入的降生修院不似昔日加爾默羅山初期隱修士的團體,她們是介乎隱修團體和獻身團體之間;雖然她們也共同頌念聖教日課,但不用守「禁院」規矩,也沒有規定心禱的時間,且容許外人留在「禁院」內,環境變得擁擠,釀成不良後果。
德蘭個人的靈修發展,令她領會到持續不斷實踐心禱的重要。她渴望能達到更成全的修道生活,於是在告解神師和神學家St. Peter of Alcantara的支持下,於1562年成立一小隱修團體,恢復原初加爾默羅山隱修士的理想:團體人數不多,成員生活以基督為中心,彼此尊重,互助互愛,並有教會和使徒的理想。她盼望以純默觀的祈禱生活,成為一個純默觀的使徒事業者,來為教會服務。當她聽到來自美洲新大陸的消息,知道那裡有無數的人尚未聽到福音喜訊,便在她的默觀團體中加進要為傳教士的福傳工作祈禱。
她又積極去成立相類似的男隱修團體;聖十字若望便是她得力的夥伴。由於他們都不穿著鞋子,表示他們是度着更嚴格的默觀生活,和恢復原初會規的生活方式,所以廣泛地被稱為「赤足的加爾默羅會士」。如此,聖德蘭便成了男女赤足加爾默羅修會的會祖。她整個創建的歷程極不容易,但她就是懷着愛主的熱忱,及靠着主賜的勇毅精神,勤奮地去履行天主所託付給她的使命;至1582年,她在西班牙各地成立了十七間女隱修院和十五間男修院。
聖德蘭往建新修院時,常攜帶着耶穌聖嬰像。相傳:有一天聖德蘭下樓梯時,見一小孩。該小孩問她說:「你是誰?」德蘭說:「我是耶穌的德蘭!那麼,你又是誰?」該小孩說:「我是德蘭的耶穌。」可見聖德蘭與耶穌的親密相愛。
聖德蘭於1582年十月四日安逝(由於那年引進額我略曆法,故稱十月十五日去世)。1614年列為真福,1622年列為聖品,1970年教宗保祿六世宣布她為教會第一位女聖師。
今日香港赤柱的「加爾默羅赤足隱修院」便是源自聖德蘭所成立的女隱修會,建立於1937年。(公教報3828期)
聖德蘭留下豐富的著作,主要的有《生命之書》、《全德之路》、《建院紀事》和《靈心城堡》,還有次要的作品和大量書柬,這些在靈修上都成為經典,幾世紀以來,都極受愛祈禱的人歡迎。
集禱經
天主,你以聖神激勵了聖德蘭,使她為教會指出完美聖德的途徑;求你賞賜我們藉她的訓誨,得到滋養,並在我們心中,燃起修德成聖的心火。因你的聖子、我們的主耶穌基督,他和你及聖神,是唯一天主,永生永王。亞孟。
Saint Teresa Avila (Saint Teresa of Jesus), Virgin and Doctor of the Church
St. Teresa was born in Avila, Spain in 1515. At the age of 20, she entered the Carmelite convent of the Incarnation at Avila. She lived a rather lax life for many years. But finally, when praying before a statue of Christ scourged at the pillar at age 40, St. Teresa committed herself to pursue a life of spiritual perfection.
In 1560, she began to receive spiritual counsel from St. Peter of Alcantara. In order to lead a life of stricter penance and deeper prayer, she founded a convent where the primitive Carmelite rule would be strictly observed.
St. Teresa always traveled with her statue of the Infant Jesus when she was establishing new convents. Her devotion to the Infant Jesus was established after a very interesting incident. One day Teresa of Avila was coming down the steps of her convent when she saw a beautiful young boy. The Child spoke to her and said: “Who are you?” Teresa answered: “I am Teresa of Jesus, who are you?” The Child answered: “I am Jesus of Teresa!”
St. Teresa received much assistance from St. John of the Cross, and they reformed the Carmelite Order. In the years and following the Ecumenical Council at Trent, she contributed to the renewal of the entire ecclesiastical community. Her active life did not distract her from contemplation, and she wrote several works of asceticism and mysticism.
The years from 1567 to her death (1582) were occupied with the establishment of Discalced Carmelite communities of both nuns and friars.
St. Teresa died at Alba de Tormes on October 4 (Oct. 15), 1582 and was canonized in 1622. In 1970, she was proclaimed Doctor of the Church by Pope Paul VI.
Collect
O God, who through your Spirit
raised up Saint Teresa of Jesus
to show the Church the way to seek perfection,
grant that we may always be nourished
by the food of her heavenly teaching
and fired with longing for true holiness.
Through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son,
who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit,
one God, for ever and ever. Amen.
資料來源 References
圖:https://www.pinterest.com/pin/269582727682278816/
中文內容:
赤柱嘉爾默羅赤足隱修院
《平日彌撒經文》,香港教區禮儀委員會
English text: Daily Roman Missal, 2011
https://www.crossroadsinitiative.com/media/articles/thy-kingdom-come-st-teresa-of-avila/
https://holymassimages.blogspot.com/2014/10/saint-teresa-of-avila-saint-teresa-of.html